Gallantry Awards- india

The art of appreciating the brave and gallant is not new. They form one of the most important constituents of a nation’s stability.  History defines gallantry as commanded respect and appreciation. The concept of emancipation of the brave is cognizant in our Epics too. In the Mahabharata, the merit of dying as a martyr in the cause of Dharma is all along appreciated as the easiest way to heaven. In fact, any kind of death on the battlefield was considered glorious.
Whether being the appointed head of a clan, raised memorials in honour of the martyrs/brave souls or granted titles, robe of honour, cash awards or medals etc., recognition of bravery has always been a very prestigious affair. The conclusion of British Rule in India saw the end of the old institution of British honours and awards. Independent India saw the introduction of awards such as Param Vir Chakra, Maha Vir Chakra, Ashoka Chakra, Shaurya Chakra etc.

Ashok Chakra

The Ashok Chakra series of awards are open to civilians also. Recommendations received in respect of civilians from the State Governments/Union territory Administra-tions and Ministries/Departments of the Central Government are processed by the Ministry of Defence for the consideration of the Central Honours and Awards Committee chaired by the Defence Minister. These awards are biannual and are given on the Republic Day and Independence Day.

Shaurya Chakra

This is awarded for gallantry other than in the face of the enemy. This award may be granted to civilians or to military personnel and may be awarded posthumously.

Festivals in India

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Festivals in India

As India is home to different religions, there are a lot of festivals related to these religions.

Hindu Festivals

Hindus make up approximately 80% of India's population. The Hindu calendar is lunar (or luni-solar), and as such, Hindu festivals don't fall on a fixed day of the Gregorian calendar. Since Hinduism's beliefs and practices are widely varied, there are a large number of festivals. Some are regional, and not all are observed by all Hindus. The more important ones are listed below, and there is no uniformity as to which of these are holidays.
Pongal:
Pongal is a festival celebrated by the people of Tamil Nadu. Pongal in Tamil means "boiling over or to spill over." The boiling of milk in clay pot signifies material abundance in the households of the rural folk.
Makara Sankranthi:
Makara Sankranthi is also a harvest festival and falls around the same time. The festival is celebrated with a lot of fervor all over India. According to the lunar calendar when the Sun moves from the tropic of Cancer to the Tropic of Capricorn it can be identified as the beginning of the harvest festival and also the end of the north east monsoon.
Thaipusam:
Thaipusam, is a very famous festival in Tamil Nadu and signifies celebrates the victory of good over evil. 
Maha Shivratri:
The festival of Mahashivaratri falls on the 13th or the 14th night of the new moon during Krishna Paksha in the Hindu month of Phalgun. Krishna Paksha means the period of waning moon.
Holi:
The colorful festival of Holi is celebrated on Phalgun Purnima which comes in February end or early March. Holi festival has an ancient origin and celebrates the triumph of 'good' over 'bad'. 
Ugadi /Gudi Padwa:
This festival marks the beginning of new year in Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and parts of Karnataka. This festival is known as Gudi Padwa in Maharashtra and Ugadi in Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.
Ram Navami:
Sriram Navami is followed to celebrate the birth of Lord Sriram, the seventh incarnation of Lord Vishnu. The nineth day (Navami) in the bright fortnight of the Hindu lunar month of Chaitra is referred to as Ram Navami.  
Onam:
Onam is the biggest festival in the Indian state of Kerala. Onam Festival falls during the Malayali month of Chingam (Aug - Sep) and marks the homecoming of legendary King Mahabali. 
Sri Krishna Jayanti / Janmashtami:
Sri Krishna Jayanti marks the celebration of the birth of Bhagavan Sri Krishna. Lord Sri Krishna was born on the 'Rohini' nakshatram (star) on Ashtami day. 
Ganesh Chaturthi:
Ganesh Chaturthi - also known as 'Vinayak Chaturthi' or 'Vinayaka Chavithi' is celebrated by Hindus around the world as the birthday of Lord Ganesha. 
Vijayadasami:
Vijayadasami, or Durgadasami, also known as Dasara, is celebrated on Ashwayuja Shukla Dasami. It is celebrated to commemorate the victory of good over evil. 
Durga Puja:
Durga Puja is an important Hindu festival which is marked by worshipping Goddess Durga during a period lasting 9 days. Celebrations of Durga Puja are visible throughout the country especially in the state of West Bengal where it is very grand. 
Navarathri:
The nine-day Navratri festival held in Ashwin month (September - October) coincides with the Durga Puja festival held during the same period.
Diwali:
Diwali is also called the festival of lights and is one Indias most popular festivals. The festival is celebrated by lighting diyas and candles to drive away the darkness of Amavasya. 
Rakhi:
A beautiful festival to celebrate the beautiful relationship that a brother and sister share: that is Rakhi. Feasting, merry making, gifting are the highlights of the day, together with the inherent religious elements.

Islamic Festivals

Muslims account for approximately 13% of India's population. The Islamic calendar is also lunar and so festival dates are variable. Moreover, they are not known in advance and are determined by the sighting of the moon. The major ones are:
Eid ul-Fitr:
Eid ul-Fitr is celebrated on the first day of Shaw'waal, at the completion of Ramadan. Shaw'waal is the 10th month of the Islamic calendar.
Eid ul-Adha (Bakrid):
Eid ul-Adha (Bakrid) is the Festival of Sacrifice. Eid Al-Adha begins on the 10th of Dhu'l-Hijja, the last month of the Islamic calendar, and lasts for four days. It begins the day after Muslims on the Hajj descend from Mount Arafat. 
Ramadan:
Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar. Every day during this month, Muslims around the world spend the daylight hours from Sunrise to Sunset in a complete fast.

Christian Festivals

Christmas:
Observed on December 25 to commemorate the birth of Jesus. Its one the most popular festivals and is observed across many countries. Here people decorate their Christmas trees grandly and present gifts to all members of the family. People go sing in the Church Coir and they will also attend plays that enact chapters from the bible. The day will be followed by very sumptuous food for family and friends.
Good Friday:
Good Friday is observed on the Friday before Easter Sunday.Many Christians spend this day in fasting, prayer, repentance, and meditation on the agony and suffering of Christ on the cross. 
Easter:
Easter is the celebration of Jesus Christ's resurrection from the dead) after His crucifixion which took place on what is now termed Good Friday. 

Other Religions

Buddha Purnima:
Or Buddha Jayanti commemorates the birth anniversary of the Lord Buddha. It is widely celebrated on a full moon night in Vaisakha according to the Hindu calendar and usually falls during April or May.
Mahavir Jayanti:
Mahavir Jayanti, as the term suggests, marks the birth of the revered Jain saint, Mahavir. He was born in 540 B.C. as Vardhamana, in a small town called Vaishali.
Guru Nanak Jayanti:
Guru Nanak Dev, the first Sikh guru and the founder of the Sikh religion, was born on the full moon day in the month of Kartik as per the Hindu calendar. Hence, his birthday is celebrated as Guru Nanak Jayanti.
Guru Gobind Singh Jayanthi:
Guru Gobind Singh was the last and the tenth Guru of the Sikhs. This tenth Nanak or Sikh Guru was born at Patna Sahib on 22nd December, 1666, on Poh Sudi Saptmi. His birthday falls in the month of December or January or sometimes twice a year as it is calculated according to Hindu Bikrami Calendar, which is based on the lunar calendar
Guru Tegh Bahadur Martyrdom Day:
This religious occasion is celebrated in the month of November or December. Of the ten Gurus in the Sikh Faith, Guru Tegh Bahadur is one eminent personality and is much honoured by the Sikhs for his valor and spirituality.
Vaisakhi:
Also known as Baishakhi. Is an ancient harvest festival in the Punjab region, which also marks beginning of a new solar year, and new harvest season.
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National Parks

Name Place State
Bandhavagarh National Park Shahdol Madhya Pradesh
Bandipur National Park Mysore Karnataka
Bannarghata National Park Bangalore Karnataka

Borivili National Park Mumbai Maharashtra
Corbett National Park Garhwal Uttar Pradesh
Dudhewa National Park Lakhimpur Uttar Pradesh
Eravikulan Rajmallay National Park Idduki Kerala
Gir National Park Junagarh Gujarat
Guindy National Park Madras Tamil Nadu
Hazaribagh National Park Hazaribagh Bihar
Kanha National Park Mzandla & Balaghat Madhya Pradesh
Kaziranga National Park Jorhat Assam
Kangchandsenda National Park Gangtok Sikkim
Nagerhole Coorg Karnataka
Nawegaon National Park Bhandara Maharashtra
Pench Nationa Park Nagpur Maharastra
Rohia Naional Park Kullu Himchal Pradesh
Shivpur Naional Park Shivpuri Madhyaradesh
Tadoba Naional Park Chandrapur Maharashtra
Valavadar Naional Park Bhavnagar Gujarat

PGIMER Sister Grade-II vacancy July-2011

Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER)
Chandigarh


Applications on prescribed form are invited from the citizens of India for the following posts of Sister Gr.II:
  • Sister Grade II : 17 posts, Pay Scale : Rs.9300-34800 grade pay Rs.4600, Qualification : Matriculation and Certificate in general Nursing and Midwife wifery and should be registered A grade Nurse and Midwife with state nursing council or equivalent, Age : 18-30 years


How to Apply : The application in the prescribed format form can be submitted upto 16/08/2011.


Please visit http://pgimer.nic.in/code/oppor.htm to view the details and application form.

SAIL Management Trainee vacancy July-2011

STEEL AUTHORITY OF INDIA LIMITED (SAIL)

(A Government of India Enterprise)

An opportunity in SAIL for around 375 Management Trainees(Technical & Administration)

SAIL invites applications for the posts of Management Trainees in the areas Engineering, Computer Science and Administration (HR, Marketing, Finance, Materials) . The posts are in E-1grade with scale of pay of Rs.20600-3%-46550/- (E-1).

  • Management Trainees (Technical) : 318 posts, Qualification : Degree in Engineering (full time)/ MCA with 65% marks in the disciplines of Mechanical, Electrical, Metallurgy, Civil, E&T, Instrumentation, Ceramics, Chemical, Computer Science, Mining Engineering.
  • Management Trainees (Administration - HR, Marketing, Finance) : 57 posts, Qualification : Bachelor Degree with 60% marks and at leas 2 years full time MBA/ PG Diploma in Management with 60% marks in HR/PM&IR/Pers./MHROD for HR and Marketing for Marketing discipline, CA/ICWA for Finance.
Age : 30 years as on 01/07/2011, relaxable by 5 years for SC/ST, by 3 years for OBC candidates and by 10 years for Physically Handicapped candidates. Selection Procedure : Eligible candidates will be required to appear for objective type written examination on 25/09/2011 followed by Interview/ GD for selected. How to Apply : Eligible and interested candidates would be required to apply online only through SAIL’s website from 27/07/2011 to 17/08/2011. Important Dates :
  1. Starting date for submitting applications through website : 27/07/2011
  2. Closing date for submitting applications through website : 17/08/2011
  3. Cate of Written Test : 25/08/2011

For more information, pay in slip and online registration for submission of application, please visit http://sail.shine.com/media/documents/home/SAIL_2010.htm

ECIL Graduate Engineer Trainee 2011 Entry

LinkElectronics Corporation of India Limited (ECIL)
PO. ECIL, Hyderabad - 500062, AP, India

ECIL a professionally managed Electronics & IT Giant with several Firsts and Awards engaged inter-alia in Automation & Controls, Communications, IT including Computer Education, Special Products, Instrumentation etc., with major emphasis on Defence & Nuclear areas is looking for dynamic and result-oriented young Engineers as GET :


  • Graduate Engineer Trainee (GET) : 126 posts (SC-11, ST-8, OBC-25, UR-75)( PH-7)
    • Discipline : First Class Engineering degree with 65% marks (55% for SC/ST) in ECE, EEE, E&I, CSE, CSIT, IT, Civil & Mechanical - 125 posts
    • Discipline : BE/ B.Tech. (Chemical) / M.Sc. (Chemistry) with 65% marks - 01 post
    • Age : 25 years as on 30/06/2011
    • Stipend : Rs.25790/- per month, will be on contract for 3 years with consolidated pay Rs.35130/- in first years, Rs.36200/- in 2nd year and Rs.37300/- in third year.
    • Pay Scale after confirmation : Rs.16400-40500/- and after one year in Rs.20600-46500/-
    • Selection by : Written test on 21/08/2011 and Interview for selected.
Application Fee : Rs.200/- (SC/ST/PH candidates are exempted) to be deposited in SBI in a specially opened Account Number 31102144119 through a payment voucher/ challan available at ECIL website only.


How to Apply : Please apply Online at ECIL website from 25/07/2011 14.00 hrs to 08/08/2011 16.00 hrs. After applying on-line, the candidate is required to take the print out of registered on-line application form with system generated application number for future usage.


Details are available at http://www.ecil.co.in/jobs.php and online submission of the application from 25/07/2011 onwards.

CTET RESULTS 2011

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RTET ANSWER KEY / solved paper

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